International Equity ADR
© 2008 Harding Loevner
2008 Third Quarter Report
1
Annualized Returns; 2Inception Date: December 31, 1989 corresponds to that of the linked International Equity Composite; 3Annual Standard Deviation; 4The
Benchmark Index; 5The Indices are net of foreign withholding taxes on dividends, interest income and capital gains. Please read the above performance in conjunction
with the footnotes on the back page of this report. Past performance is not indicative of future results.
Composite Performance (%)
For Periods Ending September 30, 2008
Last Quarter
Last 12
Months
Three Ye ars1
Five Ye ars1
Ten Years1
Since
Inception1,2
Volatility3
HL Intl Equity ADR (gross of fees)
(16.45)
(18.65)
6.19
13.14
8.46
8.74
14.66
HL Intl Equity ADR (net of fees)
(16.60)
(19.24)
5.40
12.27
7.63
7.84
14.53
MSCI All Country World ex-US4,5
(21.91)
(30.32)
2.65
11.34
6.52
4.81
15.93
MSCI EAFE5
(20.56)
(30.50)
1.12
9.69
5.02
4.03
16.19
Sector Exposure (%)
Sector
HL Intl
ADR
ACW
ex-US
Over/Under The Benchmark
Health Care
18.4
6.7
Cons Staples
18.3
8.0
Info Technology
10.8
6.0
Cash
3.0
--
Energy
14.0
11.4
Industrials
9.7
10.3
Telecom Services
3.8
6.8
Cons Discretionary
4.6
8.6
Utilities
0.0
5.6
Materials
3.5
10.3
Financials
13.9
26.3
Sector and region allocations are supplemental information only and complement the fully compliant International Equity ADR Composite GIPS presentation.
Regional Exposure (%)
Region
HL Intl
ADR
ACW
ex-US
Over/Under The Benchmark
Europe ex-EMU
34.4
24.8
Other1
4.7
--
Cash
3.0
--
Europe EMU
23.7
25.7
Emerging Markets
15.4
18.5
Canada
4.3
7.4
Japan
11.9
16.4
Pacific ex-Japan
2.6
7.2
-10.0 -5 0.0 5.0 10.0
-14.0 -7.0 0.0 7.0 14.0
1
Includes countries outside the benchmark where some holdings are incorporated.
-10.0
-5.0
0.0
5.0
10.0
Table of Contents
Performance Summary
page 2
Market Review
page 2
Portfolio Attribution
page 3
Outlook
page 3
Portfolio Structure
page 5
Portfolio Holdings & Facts
pages 6 & 7
-14.0
-7.0
0.0
7.0
14.0
Market Review & Outlook
Worst quarterly market
•
performance since Iraq's
invasion of Kuwait in 1990.
Stocks of financially-strong,
•
high-quality growth companies
should deserve a premium.
Dividend yields on equities
•
surpass yields on governmnet
bonds in many developed
markets.
Portfolio Highlights
Large exposure to Health
•
Care, emphasizing companies
with high margins and low
cyclicality.
Looking to find bargains
•
in hard-hit sectors, seeking
durable growth franchises.
Actively seeking opportunities
•
in emerging markets
following steep declines.
Harding Loevner International Equity ADR
Performance Summary
The International Equity ADR Strategy Composite lost 16.4%
in the quarter, and has lost 18.9% for the year to date. The
Composite outperformed the MSCI All Country World ex-
US Index, which fell 21.9% in the quarter (net of foreign
withholding taxes) and has declined 29.8% so far this year.
Market Review
Stocks turned in the worst quarterly performance since the
third quarter of 1990—Iraq's invasion of Kuwait—as the US
mortgage crisis infected other credit sectors and claimed new
victims, culminating in September with the nationalization
of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, the bankruptcy of Lehman
Brothers, the US Treasury rescue of insurance giant AIG, and
the emergency merger of Merrill Lynch, Washington Mutual
Savings, and Wachovia Bank. The Lehman default at a stroke
doubled the credit losses recognized so far by financial
institutions around the world from this mortgage crisis. Panic
ensued in the short-term money markets, after the Reserve
Fund, the US' largest short-term money market fund, was
forced by losses on Lehman debt to redeem shares below their
ostensibly fixed one-dollar NAV ('breaking the buck'), and to
restrict redemptions from sister funds. The Lehman default also
bankrupted the private sector bank deposit insurance scheme
in Germany, leading to capital calls on the surviving banks
there. This, along with the near failure of AIG, which had large
derivative liabilities to numerous European banks, led to deposit
runs on banks from Ireland to India. Governments arranged the
rescue of a number of major financial institutions, including
the HBOS (UK), Fortis (Benelux), Dexia (France), Hypo Real
Estate (Germany), and—lest we forget—Glitnir (Iceland). The
quarter ended on a panicked note, with the Treasury's $700
billion rescue program failing the first attempt at passage by the
US House of Representatives, as ideological and regional fault
lines became exposed. There will have been further dramatic
news by the time this reaches your mailbox.
Debt markets were in turmoil, with US Treasury and other
government 'risk-free' paper so ardently pursued in the flight
to quality that stories emerged of investors accepting negative
interest rates to park cash in T-Bills. With banks hoarding cash as
depositors fled, the London-centered inter-bank lending market
froze, with LIBOR interest rates reaching unprecedented spreads
over Treasury Bills (the "TED spread"). Financial jargon aside,
banks have rapidly become unwilling to lend to one another—
normally considered a low risk activity—as distrust has
gripped the global financial system. Withdrawals from money
market funds led to a dramatic shrinkage of commercial paper
issuance, causing chain-reaction liquidity issues all along the
supply lines of industry. Spreads for longer-term debt widened
since the beginning of the quarter in accordance with the debt's
perceived riskiness, with investment-grade corporate bond
spreads widening from around 100 to 176 basis points, while
the JPMorgan Emerging Markets Bond Index spread (EMBI)
soared from 298 to 414 basis points.*
While the headlines focused on the financial crisis, market
action was also pronounced in the non-financial sectors as
investors increasingly recognized that hopes of growth in
emerging economies remaining resilient in the face of a US
slowdown (the "de-coupling" argument) would not be realized.
2
Market Performance (%)
Market Trailing 12 Months 3Q 2008
USD
USD
Canada
(18.4)
(21.7)
Germany
(27.7)
(20.6)
Japan
(26.9)
(17.6)
United Kingdom
(31.4)
(21.0)
United States
(12.2)
(9.0)
Europe EMU
(31.1)
(21.2)
Europe ex-EMU
(30.0)
(20.3)
Pacific ex Japan
(34.6)
(25.0)
Emerging Markets
(33.1)
(26.9)
MSCI All Country World ex-US
(30.0)
(21.8)
Sector Performance (%)
of the MSCI ACW ex-US Index
Sector Trailing 12 Months 3Q 2008
USD
USD
Consumer Discretionary
(33.0)
(16.3)
Consumer Staples
(16.3)
(10.0)
Energy
(22.7)
(32.4)
Financials
(35.3)
(16.1)
Health Care
(13.1)
(8.0)
Industrials
(36.4)
(24.6)
Information Technology
(36.5)
(23.2)
Materials
(36.3)
(39.2)
Telecom Services
(25.1)
(17.2)
Utilities
(15.7)
(16.9)
Source: Wilshire Atlas, MSCI Barra (as of September 30, 2008)
Source: Wilshire Atlas, MSCI Barra (as of September 30, 2008)
* Source: Bloomberg. Run date: October 13, 2008.
Bold indicates companies held in the portfolio during the quarter. The
portfolio is actively managed; therefore holdings shown may not be
current. They should not be considered recommendations to buy or sell any
security. A complete list of holdings is available on page six of this report.
2008 Third Quarter Report
Energy, commodity, and capital goods stocks—associated
with fixed-asset investment in China and other developing
countries—were dumped, while investors sought relative
safety in the non-cyclical sectors of Health Care and Consumer
Staples. Financials actually managed to perform better than the
market, with the known (or, more accurately, the presumed)
survivors among the largest institutions enjoying price rises in
the quarter.
Portfolio Attribution
Good relative performance in the quarter was the result
primarily of large overweight positions (relative to the Index)
in Health Care and Consumer Staples, the two best-performing
sectors this period, and a large underweight in Materials, the
worst performing sector. Returns were also boosted by good
stock selection in Information Technology, where our stocks
fell roughly one-third as much as the sector overall. While our
large underweight in Financials, which still comprises over
25% of the Index, was an advantage through mid-year, it was a
negative this quarter as the sector finally rallied somewhat and
performed better than the market overall.
Following our fundamental investment philosophy, portfolio
sector weightings are mainly a result of our bottom-up stock
picking process that focuses on four primary company criteria:
growth potential, competitive advantage, management quality,
and financial strength.
Outlook
The severe declines that stock markets have sustained over the
past twelve months leave prices at very attractive levels. Most
valuation measures and risk aversion indicators are reaching
the type of extreme levels akin to those found near the bottom
of previous bear markets. Two in particular stand out to us:
1) Dividend yields on equities are now higher than yields
on government bonds in nearly all developed markets,
including Japan, most European markets, as well as
Hong Kong and Singapore. In the US, equity yields
are above the front end of the Treasury yield curve, so
relative yield spreads are rising closer to those found in
non-US markets.
The story has been different in emerging markets, where
government bond yields have risen as portfolio liquidation
has overwhelmed capital-market liquidity, but even
there, dividend yields on offer have risen significantly.
Given that dividends have a tendency to grow over time,
dividend-paying equities are an increasingly attractive
alternative to Treasury bonds for long-term investors.
Such opportunities have been rare since the mid-1950s,
when US and European dividend yields crossed below
government bond yields for the first time since the Great
Depression.
2) Measures of risk aversion (or fear), such as the VIX
option-implied volatility index, have not just risen from
the record lows seen in 2005 and 2006, but have breached
prior peaks—often associated with market bottoms.
Meanwhile, the liquidity risk meter, the 'TED' spread
mentioned earlier that is a measure of risk aversion
between banks, has exceeded the high set 20 years ago
during the 1987 crash.
3
VIX Index ("Fear Index") ‡
0
5
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8
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25
30
35
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45
50
Jan
1990
Jan
1991
Jan
1992
Jan
1993
Jan1994
Jan1995
Jan1996
Jan
1997
Jan
1998
Jan
1999
Jan
2000
Jan
2001
Jan
2002
Jan
2003
Jan
2004
Jan
2005
Jan
2008
Jan
2007
Jan
2006
Oct
2008
Dividend Yields vs. Bond Yields †
Europe
France Germany
Hong Kong Japan
Singapore
UK
US
5.02%
3.75%
4.77%
4.04%
4.58%
3.75%
4.16%
2.73%
2.27%
1.38%
4.79%
2.95%
5.52%
4.22%
2.95%
3.43%
0.00%
1.00%
2.00%
3.00%
4.00%
5.00%
6.00%
0.00%
1.00%
2.00%
3.00%
4.00%
5.00%
6.00%
Europe
France
Germany
Hong Kong
Japan
Singapore
United Kingdom
United States
Dividend Yield
Bond Yield
†
Source: Bloomberg. Run date: October 6, 2008.
‡
Source: Bloomberg. Run date: October 14, 2008.
Harding Loevner International Equity ADR
That said, we have little doubt that the global financial crisis and
the political dithering over how to solve it is now having severe
effects on the underlying economy. It is important to remember
that the current liquidity crisis has its roots in questions over
bank solvency—investors are increasingly unwilling to rollover
short-term deposits and loans because they fear that financial
institutions do not have enough capital to absorb losses on
loans, securities and derivatives positions, especially with
major derivative counterparties defaulting. Those worries in
turn stem from the sharp and as-yet-unchecked decline in value
of the biggest category of collateral for bank loans everywhere:
housing. This decline is occurring not only in the US, but also
in other large economies, including the UK, Australia, and
Spain, and probably also in property markets not commonly
labeled "bubbles," such as China. The solvency questions that
brought on the crises have radically and permanently changed
the face of the banking industry in both the US and the UK.
Similar change is likely in continental Europe, where banks
have become even more dependent on short-term wholesale
funding than US banks (apart from US investment banks). We
are not yet able to predict the consequences for markets of that
change, with one exception: we are quite willing to predict the
end of the era of cheap and easy credit.
If the resumption of normal lending will take longer than usual,
it must follow that business activity itself will slide deeper,
and take longer to recover, than in most previous cycles. At
the most basic level, many smaller companies and consumers
are experiencing almost total denial of credit, as banks take the
dangerous step from tightening credit standards to conserving
liquidity. Whereas bank loan officers have been increasingly
unwilling to lend to less creditworthy borrowers ever since
rising sub-prime delinquencies became apparent, they now
seem unwilling or unable to extend new credit to anyone, as
they scramble to reduce their short-term liabilities. On a broader
scale, the higher interest rates charged to all non-sovereign
borrowers will hurt the profit margins of any company that
does borrow, even as revenues decline as orders are cancelled
due to uncertainty or financial hardship amongst customers.
Even provincial (or state) and municipal governments are
experiencing severe difficulties in borrowing. This condition,
normally self-limiting as the credit markets ease with central-
bank liquidity injections, will last longer this time because
of the severe damage inflicted on the financial system by the
derivatives and securitizations that have brought both leverage
and obscure linkages into the equation, sowing both surprise
losses and institutional mistrust.
Under these circumstances, companies that have cash on hand,
whose businesses generate free cash, or whose earnings are
less cyclical than most, will thrive. At the extreme, they will be
able greatly to improve their competitive positions by acquiring
competitors who were less prudent than they, such as we have
seen with Nomura Group's acquisition of Lehman Brothers
Asian and European businesses, with Wells Fargo's proposed
acquisition of Wachovia Bank, or Santander's opportunistic
acquisition of two savings banks in the UK, and just recently
with Allianz' stake in US blue chip Hartford Insurance. In time,
this will take place in many industries, not just among financials.
We expect to see the returns for high-quality companies to
continue to surpass those of low quality, as the crisis plays out
in the real economy.
The moves by monetary authorities to address at all costs the
systemic breakdown in the global financial system are a key
signal for us. We are looking for bargains in the rubble of
markets. In keeping with other economic downturns precipitated
by financial crises, this one does not seem likely to be a short-
lived downturn. Growth will be scarce in the world as the effects
of financial de-leveraging work their way through the global
economy. At the same time, our focus on financial strength, on
sustainable profit margins, and on high (un-levered) returns on
capital should continue to be a source of advantage, as much
within sectors as between sectors. The market has already begun
to differentiate between companies with sustainable earnings—
such as those in Health Care or Consumer Staples—from those
where the illusion of sustainability has been created by years
of globally-synchronized economic growth. The ripple effects
of the global de-leveraging now underway are unpredictable,
and the stocks of companies that exhibit financial strength and
transparency deserve a premium.
Our focus will include companies in emerging markets, where
we are now seeing the denunciation of "decoupling" as myth.
While quick to defend the long-term merits of many developing
4
TED Spread ‡
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
Dec-84
Dec-85
Dec-86
Dec-87
Dec-88
Dec-89
Dec-90
Dec-91
Dec-92
Dec-93
Dec-94
Dec-95
Dec-96
Dec-97
Dec-98
Dec-99
Dec-00
Dec-01
Dec-02
Dec-03
Dec-04
Dec-05
Dec-06
Dec-07
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
Dec
1984
Dec
1985
Dec
1986
Dec
1987
Dec
1988
Dec
1989
Dec
1990
Dec
1991
Dec
1992
Dec
1994
Dec
1993
Dec
1995
Dec
1996
Dec
1997
Dec
1998
Dec
1999
Dec
2000
Dec
2001
Dec
2002
Dec
2003
Dec
2004
Dec
2005
Dec
2006
Dec
2007
Oct
2008
"Our focus on financial strength, on sustainable profit
margins, and on high (un-levered) returns on capital should
continue to be a source of advantage."
‡
Source: Bloomberg. Run date: October 14, 2008.
2008 Third Quarter Report
economies, we have been steadfast skeptics of the view that they
could escape the consequences of their export orientation when
their largest customer(s) experienced an economic contraction.
Evidence of that linkage is now piling up fast. Meanwhile,
risk premia in emerging market debt are also rising, as foreign
investors are deserting any and all risk to get cash to their home
bases. With the most severe declines being experienced by
emerging market equities, companies domiciled there are likely
to offer some of the best bargains. For one thing, corporates
in emerging economies are cash rich and will be buyers of
developed world assets at good prices. But the big story of
the next decade will almost certainly be more saving and less
consumption in the US (overwhelmingly the world's largest
consumer market) and the opposite in more liquid developing
economies. It may take longer than many expect for that to
come to the fore, as reaction by Asian savers at times of crisis is
usually to save more, but we believe it will happen.
Portfolio Structure
The salient aspects of company quality in the current quarter
have been low leverage and non-cyclicality. We don't expect
that to change in the near future. We had been looking at the
Panic of 1907 as a possible analog to the current financial crisis.
In the days when there was no US Federal Reserve, it was left
to steely-eyed action by J. Pierpont Morgan to clear troubled
assets off the balance sheets of failing "trusts" and brokers, and
of their bank lenders, thereby restoring liquidity to financial
institutions and the stock market and minimizing the impact on
the broader economy. But students of economic history have
pointed us toward an alternative historical comparison: the Panic
of 1873, a financial crisis in which nobody was rescued, and
there was no firm hand guiding the resolution. This earlier crisis
led to a severe global downturn in which the only companies
that thrived were those that had sufficient cash on hand, or
found a way to procure it, to run their own businesses and, in
many cases, to acquire distressed competitors who lost access
to credit. Thus far, perhaps, we are walking the edge between
the 1907 crisis and the more destructive 1873 crisis. We have
always had a strong preference for companies with low debt and
high free cash flows, and our holdings reflect this. Nevertheless,
given the current credit crisis, we have reviewed our holdings
in greater detail for short-term financing needs that might prove
difficult or harm margins in the current environment. Nearly
half of our non-financial holdings (by portfolio weight) have
more cash than debt on their balance sheets.
The portfolio has been significantly overweight Health Care,
while remaining significantly underweight Financials and
Consumer Discretionary. We are intensely focused on the
latter two sectors in search of durable, growing franchises that
have been unfairly penalized by the market frenzy, but have
made only modest purchases to date. With monetary authorities
in both the US and Europe now fully engaged in solving the
financial crisis, we are becoming less averse to Financials
generally, and are more likely to increase our holdings than to
indulge further the negative bias we have held toward the sector
for the past few years. The survivors of this crisis will emerge
with greater market shares and more entrenched competitive
positions, which should allow them to earn attractive profits as
the economy recovers.
As the US financial rescue was being debated at the end of the
quarter, we added to Erste Group Bank, the Austrian bank
with consumer finance and asset management operations across
the still-undeveloped banking markets of Central Europe. With
consumer loan demand growing from a relatively low base in its
core markets, we believe that Erste has far better fundamental
growth prospects than most European financial companies,
while its valuation has fallen in-line with the sector. We also
bought a new position in HDFC Bank, in our view one of
the best-managed private banks in India. We had sold HDFC
in the first quarter to avoid the integration risk surrounding its
acquisition of Centurion Bank, a deposit-rich rival. However,
with the integration nearly complete, and with an enlarged
deposit base and an improved valuation, we again find the risk-
reward trade off presented by HDFC to be attractive.
We reduced holdings of Energy (we began the quarter with
nearly 17% in Energy) through partial sales of two Canadian
companies, EnCana and Imperial Oil , but we added to our
holding in Gazprom toward the end of the quarter when the
Russian market decline turned into a rout. Given Western
Europe's growing dependence on Russia for its gas, and
Gazprom's unrivalled bargaining power over its customers, we
expect that this company's strong cash flows and long-lived
reserves will be prized once the market's current fixation on
falling energy prices ebbs. Always wary of corporate governance
risks in Russia, we continue to believe that investing alongside
the Russian government as controlling shareholder provides a
degree of alignment and protection from expropriation risks.
The addition to Gazprom and the relative outperformance of
our emerging market holdings leave us still somewhat below
benchmark weight in emerging markets, although within our
developed market holdings there are a number of companies—
illustrated by our Financials purchases this quarter—with
significant business in developing countries. The potential for
many companies domiciled in the developing world to emerge
as global leaders in their industries or their regions over time
is in our minds as we weigh the merits of strong businesses
with battered stock prices against the shorter-term risks of weak
governance and policy structures.
5
"The survivors of this crisis should emerge with greater market
shares and more entrenched competitive positions, allowing them
to earn attractive profits as the economy recovers."
Harding Loevner International Equity ADR
Supplemental Information
as of September 30, 2008
The portfolio is actively managed; therefore holdings shown may not be current. They should not be considered recommendations to buy or sell any security.
6
International Equity ADR Holdings (as of September 30, 2008)
Sector/Company/Description
Country
End
Wt. (%)
Consumer Discretionary
Panasonic - Electronics manufacturer
Japan
1.4
Sony - Entertainment & media
Japan
1.5
WPP Group - Advertising & marketing United Kingdom
1.8
Consumer Staples
Bunge - Agri-business & food
Bermuda
2.7
L'Oréal - Personal care products France
3.1
Nestlé - Food & beverage
Switzerland
4.2
Tesco - Food
United Kingdom
3.3
Unilever - Branded products
United Kingdom
2.9
Wal-Mart de México - Goods/food
Mexico
2.8
Energy
BG Group - Integrated gas
United Kingdom
2.3
EnCana - Natural gas
Canada
2.5
Gazprom - Natural gas producer
Russia
3.0
Imperial Oil - Integrated petroleum
Canada
2.0
Sasol - Energy
South Africa
2.5
Schlumberger - Petroleum industry services United States
2.3
Financials
Allianz - Insurance
Germany
2.0
DBS Group - Multi-service bank
Singapore
1.1
Erste Group Bank
-
Money center & retail bank Austria
2.6
HDFC Bank - Mortgage financing
India
1.5
HSBC Bank - Universal bank
United Kingdom
2.4
Mitsubishi Estate - Real estate & office leasing Japan
1.7
Monex Group - Internet investment service Japan
0.5
Nomura Group - Brokerage
Japan
1.5
Swiss Reinsurance - Life & health reinsurer Switzerland
1.1
Health Care
Alcon - Eyecare
Switzerland
3.0
Fresenius - Health care
Germany
3.7
Novartis - Life sciences
Switzerland
1.5
Novo-Nordisk - Biotechnology
Denmark
3.9
Qiagen - Biotech & instrumentation Germany
3.2
Roche - Pharma & diagnostics
Switzerland
3.6
Industrials
Atlas Copco
-
Industrial compressors & equip. Sweden
2.6
Hutchison Whampoa - Conglomerate Hong Kong
1.5
Komatsu - Construction equipment
Japan
1.7
Kubota - Industrial & farm machinery Japan
2.3
SKF - Roller bearing manufacturer Sweden
1.6
International Equity ADR Holdings (as of September 30, 2008)
Sector/Company/Description
Country
End
Wt. (%)
Information Technology
Dassault Systemes - CAD/CAM software France
3.2
Ericsson - Wireless communications
Sweden
1.2
Hoya - Optical glass
Japan
1.3
SAP - Enterprise software
German
3.3
Taiwan Semiconductor - Dedicated IC foundry Taiwan
2.2
Materials
Air Liquide - Industrial gas
France
3.6
Telecom Services
América Móvil - Cellular phone operator Mexico
2.3
Telekom Indonesia - Telecommunications Indonesia
1.6
Utilities
No holdings
2008 Third Quarter Report
Supplemental Information
as of September 30, 2008
Percent weight figure shown is the average percent over the period. Contributors and detractors in order of contribution to portfolio.
CONTRIBUTORS TO RETURNS
Portfolio attribution and statistics are supplemental information only and complement the fully compliant International Equity ADR Composite GIPS presentation. The
portfolio is actively managed; therefore holdings shown may not be current. They should not be considered recommendations to buy or sell any security. The complete
list of holdings is available on page six of this report.
Source: Wilshire Atlas (Run Date: October 6, 2008); Harding Loevner International Equity ADR Composite; MSCI Barra
7
Last Quarter
Largest Holdings (%)
Sector
Weight
Nestlé
Consumer Staples
3.7
Novo-Nordisk Health Care
3.7
Alcon
Health Care
3.5
Roche
Health Care
3.5
Air Liquide
Materials
3.5
Last 12 Months
Largest Holdings (%)
Sector
Weight
Bunge
Consumer Staples
3.7
Nestlé
Consumer Staples
3.6
Air Liquide
Materials
3.3
Novo-Nordisk
Health Care
3.2
Sasol
Energy
3.0
Largest Contributors (%)
Sector
Weight
HSBC Holdings Financials
2.0
SAP
Information Technology
2.9
Alcon
Health Care
3.5
Novartis
Health Care
0.2
Danske Bank
Financials
1.3
Largest Contributors (%)
Sector
Weight
BG Group
Energy
2.9
Alcon
Health Care
2.7
Sasol
Energy
3.0
EnCana
Energy
2.7
HDFC Bank
Financials
0.7
Largest Detractors (%)
Sector
Weight
Bunge
Consumer Staples
3.2
Komatsu
Industrials
2.2
Novo-Nordisk
Health Care
3.7
EnCana
Energy
2.4
Gazprom
Energy
1.5
Largest Detractors (%)
Sector
Weight
Komatsu
Industrials
2.4
Bunge
Consumer Staples
3.7
Atlas Copco
Industrials
2.8
Ericsson
Information Technology
1.2
Erste Group Bank Financials
1.8
Purchases
Company
Country
Sector
HDFC Bank
India
Financials
Novartis
Switzerland
Health Care
Sales
Company
Country
Sector
Danske Bank
Denmark
Financials
Nitto Denko
Japan
Materials
Portfolio Characteristics1
HL Intl ADR ACW ex-US
Return on Assets
9.7
5.6
Return on Equity2
20.1
17.5
Std Dev of 5 Year ROE
3.2
3.7
Debt/Equity
28.4
39.3
Profit Margin
12.7
10.9
Sales Growth3
11.5
10.7
Earnings Growth3
16.5
15.8
CF Growth3
13.7
10.2
Dividend Growth3
9.0
9.0
Portfolio Characteristics
HL Intl ADR ACW ex-US
Avg Wtd Mkt Cap ($Mil)
$46,375
$43,943
Price/Earnings4
14.0
10.8
Price/Cash Flow4
9.0
7.0
Price/Book4
2.0
1.6
Alpha5
2.03
--
Beta5
0.83
1.00
R-Squared5
0.95
1.00
Sharpe Ratio5
0.04
0.00
Standard Deviation5
13.97
16.42
1
Weighted median; 2Trailing one year; 3Trailing five years, annualized; 4Harmonic mean; 5Trailing three years, annualized.
HARDING LOEVNER LLC
50 Division Street, Suite 401 • Somerville, NJ 08876 • Tel (908) 218-7900 • Fax (908) 218-1915 • www.hardingloevner.com
2008 Third Quarter Report
Fundamental. Thinking. Worldwide.
1
Benchmark Index; 2Asset-weighted standard deviation (gross of fees); 3N.A. - Internal dispersion less than a 12-month period; 4N.M. - Information is not statistically
meaningful due to an insufficient number of portfolios in the Composite for the entire year.
International Equity ADR Composite contains fully discretionary U.S. Dollar-based international equity accounts and for comparison purposes is measured against the
MSCI All Country World ex-US Index (presented net of foreign withholding taxes since 2001, when the net index first became available). The exchange rate source of
the benchmark is Reuters. The exchange rate source of the Composite is Bloomberg. Additional information about the benchmark, including the percentage of Composite
assets invested in countries or regions not included in the benchmark, is available upon request.
The MSCI All Country World ex-US Index is a free float-adjusted market capitalization index that is designed to measure equity market performance in the global
developed and emerging markets, excluding the US. The Index consists of 47 developed and emerging market countries. The MSCI EAFE Index (Europe, Australasia,
Far East) is a free float-adjusted market capitalization index that is designed to measure developed market equity performance, excluding the US & Canada. The Index
consists of 21 developed market countries. You cannot invest directly in these Indices.
Harding Loevner LLC has prepared and presented this report in compliance with the Global Investment Performance Standards (GIPS®). Harding Loevner is GIPS
compliant and is verified by Ashland Partners & Company, LLP. Harding Loevner has received a firm-wide GIPS verification beginning November 1, 1989. The most
recent verification was for the Quarter ending June 30, 2008.
Harding Loevner LLC is an independent registered investment advisor. The firm maintains a complete list and description of composites, which is available upon
request.
Results are based on fully discretionary accounts under management, including those accounts no longer with the firm. Composite and benchmark performance is
presented net of foreign withholding taxes on dividends, interest income and capital gains. However, some custodians may claim a portion of the foreign withholding
taxes, which would be reflected in the Composite performance. Assets with foreign withholding taxes regularly reclaimed are deemed to be an immaterial percentage of the
composite assets. The MSCI All Country World ex-US Index range uses withholding tax rates applicable to Luxembourg. Additional information is available upon request.
Past performance is not indicative of future results. Additional information regarding the policies for calculating and reporting returns is available upon request.
The US Dollar is the currency used to express performance. Returns are presented both gross and net of management fees and include the reinvestment of all income.
Actual returns will be reduced by investment advisory fees and other expenses that may be incurred in the management of the account. The standard fee schedule generally
applied to separate International Equity ADR accounts is 0.80% annually of the market value of assets up to $20 million; 0.40% of amounts from $20 million to $100
million; negotiable for amounts over $100 million. Actual investment advisory fees incurred by clients may vary. The annual composite dispersion presented is an asset-
weighted standard deviation calculated for the accounts in the composite the entire year.
The International Equity ADR Composite was created on August 31, 2000. Performance prior to August 31, 2000 is that of the International Equity Composite, which is
managed similarly and materially represents the strategy of the International Equity ADR Composite.
International Equity ADR Composite Performance
(as of September 30, 2008)
Intl ADR
Equity
(Gross)
Intl ADR
Equity (Net)
MSCI ACW
ex-US1MSCI EAFE
Internal
Dispersion2
Number of
Accounts
Composite
Assets ($M)
Firm Assets
($M)
2008 (YTD) (18.86) (19.30) (29.85) (29.26) N.A.399
214
4,693
2007
14.04%
13.24%
16.66%
11.17%
0.6%
109
252
6,356
2006
23.63%
22.69%
26.65%
26.34%
0.7%
80
153
4,720
2005
19.99%
19.04%
16.62%
13.54%
0.5%
52
99
2,562
2004
17.74%
16.79%
20.91%
20.25%
0.4%
49
89
1,524
2003
28.80%
27.72%
40.83%
38.59%
0.5%
55
86
1,357
2002
(15.67%)
(16.31%)
(14.96%)
(15.94%)
0.5%
40
51
1,082
2001
(15.62%)
(16.15%)
(19.75%)
(21.44%)
N.M.4
9
11
1,154
2000
(14.90%)
(15.71%)
(15.09%)
(14.17%)
N.M.
1
2
1,392
1999
51.54%
50.44%
30.90%
26.96%
0.5%
56
1,230
1,423
1998
12.05%
11.26%
14.46%
20.00%
0.2%
64
977
1,372